Monday, July 1, 2013

Does Eating Slower Really Help Us Control our Weight?


I have many bad habits.  One of them is that I eat very, very fast.  I can’t tell you how many times I’ve burned my mouth on a piece of hot food.  There have been numerous times when I’ve thought to myself, “I didn’t even taste that!”

I’ve been working on slowing down during meals.  My father-in-law, in fact, once told me that he tries to always be the last one finished with his meal.  It allows him to enjoy every bite a bit more and also be able to take part in conversation at the table.  Excellent idea. 

There are many theories on how, if at all, the pace at which you eat can affect your weight.  Obviously, it’s much more important to think about what you’re eating than how fast you’re eating it, but let’s look at some research in to the subject.

The results of scientific studies designed to measure the effect eating speed (or eating pace) has on weight loss vary widely.  Some find that eating slowly makes a difference in the amount of calories taken in, and others find that it seems to make no appreciable difference at all.  For example, there were at least three recent studies that found that eating slower resulted in a lower intake of calories, but all studies were slightly flawed.

For example, one study had a sample size of only 6 participants, which does not make for a convincing conclusion.  Another showed a significant increase in the amount of water consumed during the slow meal, so it is unknown whether the pace of the meal made the difference, or if it was the increase in water consumption that made the participants eat less.  A third study had a large sample size of over 3,000 participants.  However, the pace of eating was self-reported, so the participants may have had the impression that they ate slowly, when in fact they were eating quickly in comparison with other slow-eating participants.

A better-constructed Dutch study performed by researchers at Maastricht University in the Netherlands found that eating more slowly did not make much of a difference in calorie intake. The study participants were given the exact same amount of the exact same foods and either had two hours to eat (with breaks between courses) or 30 minutes in which to eat the meal.

Researchers measured the participants’ appetite hormones at the end of the meal and found lower levels of the hunger hormones, in addition to greater reported feelings of satiation in those who had eaten the drawn-out meal.  However, when offered snacks after each meal, there was no difference in the caloric intake of snacks between the slow eaters and the fast eaters. This suggests that snacking has little to do with feelings of hunger and satisfaction, but is rather a result of social cues. As I’ve mentioned in previous articles when it comes to snacking, a lot of times it’s a mental thing—you’re not actually hungry!  You’re just bored.

Another factor in this study is that the meal was heavily weighted toward high-glycemic carbohydrates (54% carbohydrate, 14% protein and 32% fat).  High-glycemic carbohydrates tend to be refined grains and sugars, and these foods quickly spike blood sugar for immediate energy, but leave you feeling hungry again in a short amount of time.

However, there are at least two ways in which eating slowly has clear advantages over quick eating.  The first has to do with increased feelings of fullness and satisfaction.  It takes approximately 20 minutes for your brain chemistry to register that you have food in your stomach, and you may find that after you have been eating for at least 20 minutes you may feel sufficiently full.  So consider waiting for 15-20 minutes after beginning a meal before taking a second helping.  The second advantage of eating slowly is a simple one—it allows you to truly taste and savor your food, which increases feelings of satisfaction and makes you less inclined to need treats after the meal.  And, in my case, it sets a good example for my kids on how one should look when eating!

 

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